Domestic Animal Management Plan

2021-2025

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Background Information ......................................................................................................................5

1.1. The Purpose and Context of the DAMP ...................................................................................5

1.2. The Victorian Domestic Animals Act (DAA).............................................................................5

1.3. Council Planning Context ..........................................................................................................6

2. Achievements from the Previous Domestic Animal Management Plan ........................................6

3. Focus of the 2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan.........................................................6

4. Pet Ownership Trends and Sentiment.................................................................................................7

5. Our priorities for the Next Four Years...................................................................................................8

5.1. Service Overview and Staff Training .........................................................................................8

5.1.1. Service Objectives..........................................................................................................8

5.1.2. Background Information................................................................................................8

5.1.3. Actions to Address DAMP Findings...............................................................................9

5.2. Responsible Pet Ownership........................................................................................................9

5.2.1. Service Objective ...........................................................................................................9

5.2.2. Background Information................................................................................................9

5.2.3. Actions to Address DAMP Findings.............................................................................10

5.3. Overpopulation and Euthanasia of Pets................................................................................10

5.3.1. Service Objectives........................................................................................................10

5.3.2. Background Information..............................................................................................10

5.3.3. Actions to Address DAMP Findings.............................................................................12

5.4. Registration and Identification of Pets....................................................................................13

5.4.1. Service Objective .........................................................................................................13

5.4.2. Background Information..............................................................................................13

5.4.3. Actions to Address DAMP Findings.............................................................................13

5.5. Nuisance Issues..........................................................................................................................14

5.5.1. Service Objectives........................................................................................................14

5.5.2. Background Information..............................................................................................14

5.5.3. Actions to Address DAMP Findings.............................................................................15

5.6. Dog Bites, and Attacks .............................................................................................................15

5.6.1. Service Objectives........................................................................................................15

5.6.2. Background Information..............................................................................................15

5.6.3. Actions to Address DAMP Findings.............................................................................16

5.7. Dangerous, Menacing, and Restricted Breed Dogs.............................................................17

5.7.1. Service Objectives........................................................................................................17

5.7.2. Background Information..............................................................................................17

5.7.3. Actions to Address DAMP Findings.............................................................................17

5.8. Domestic Animal Businesses.....................................................................................................17

5.8.1. Service Objective .........................................................................................................17

5.8.2. Background Information..............................................................................................17

5.8.3. Actions to Address DAMP Findings.............................................................................17

5.9. Control of Dogs in Public Places..............................................................................................18

5.9.1. Service Objective .........................................................................................................18

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

5.9.2. Background Information..............................................................................................18

5.9.3. Actions to Address DAMP Findings.............................................................................19

5.10. Open Space Planning ..............................................................................................................19

5.10.1. Service Objectives........................................................................................................19

5.10.2. Background Information..............................................................................................19

5.10.1. Actions to Address DAMP Findings.............................................................................20

5.11. Vulnerable Pet Owners and Crisis Management..................................................................20

5.11.1. Service Objectives........................................................................................................20

5.11.2. Background Information..............................................................................................20

5.11.3. Actions to Address DAMP Findings.............................................................................22

6. Implementation and Review of the Domestic Animal Management Plan .................................22

7. Appendices .........................................................................................................................................23

Appendix 1 – The Domestic Animals Act Requirement of council................................................23

Appendix 2 – Key statistics..................................................................................................................24

Appendix 3 – Operational Information.............................................................................................26

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Term

Definition for the purpose of

This document

Term

Definition for the purpose of

this document

AIAM

Australian Institute of Animal

Management

Local Laws

Legislation made by council

pursuant to the Vic. Local

Government Act

AMOs

Animal Management Officers LDH

Lost Dogs Home

Animal

Management

Services

AMS

Open Space

Areas including parks, sportsfields,

trails, picnic areas etc.

AVA

Australian Veterinary

Association

Orders in Council Legislation made by council

pursuant to the DAA

BCC

Brimbank City Council

Pet Survey

Brimbank Pet Survey, 2021

DAA

Domestic Animals Act, 1994 Public place

Includes all streets, roads,

footways, reserves, lanes, parks,

schools, public halls etc.

Designated off

lead area

Areas where dogs can be

exercised off-lead

RSPCA

Royal Society for the Prevention of

Cruelty to Animals

Dog owner

A person in charge of a dog VLGA

Victorian Local Government Act

LGA

Local Government Area

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

The following expresses the values and principles that guide council’s approach to the care and

management of cats and dogs:

Pet owners and pets



Council understands the importance of pets and the right of residents to include pets as

part of their household



Pet owners have a responsibility to ensure the health and wellbeing of their pets and to

ensure their pets do not adversely impact on the amenity of their neighbourhood and

public spaces.

Animal Management Services (AMS)



Our service:



has a primary role of ensuring compliance with relevant council and state legislation in

order to optimise community safety and amenity



is based on industry best practice and is open to service innovation.



We aim to be recognised for being professional, approachable and responsive.

Service planning and provision



Integrated policy and planning across relevant council departments is key to optimising

outcomes for pet owners and their pets, and the wider community



We recognise:



the community has expectations of the service that extend beyond a primary

compliance role



the need for a flexible and accessible service.

Service partnerships



Council recognises the contribution that community groups and the not-for-profit sector

make to the care and wellbeing, and management of pets



Council cannot address all service challenges alone and will need to partner with

community and industry stakeholders to optimise outcomes



Some service issues are complex and challenging and may involve stakeholders with

competing points of view.

Our Goals



Strong partnerships between council, and the community, government and business

sectors to:



achieve best practice outcomes for the management and care of cats and dogs



to address service issues and opportunities and optimise outcomes.



A community:



where cat and dog owners understand their responsibilities as pet owners



where people and pets live in harmony with each other and the environment



that treats cats and dogs humanely.



An organisation that:



is recognised for striving to achieve best practice animal management services and

programs



understands and responds effectively to changing service needs and demands.

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

1. Background Information

1.1. The Purpose and Context of the DAMP

The Domestic Animal Management Plan (DAMP) identifies animal management service priorities for

the next 4 years, primarily as they relate to cats and dogs. Council recognises that many other types

of pets reside with Brimbank families. However, unlike most other pets, cats and dogs can have an

impact on neighbourhood environments outside of their place of residence.

The DAMP provides an understanding of current and emerging issues and opportunities, a framework

for addressing these, and the legislative context relating to the management of cats and dogs.

The DAMP also identifies the council, community, not-for-profit and private sector partnerships that

will be essential to the successful implementation of the DAMP.

1.2. The Victorian Domestic Animals Act (DAA)

All Victorian LGAs must review their DAMP annually, and every 4 years must prepare a new DAMP.

The Domestic Animals Act

requires LGAs to:



Establish a process:



to evaluate service resourcing to a level that enables council to address the requirements

of the Act



that ensures Animal Management Service (AMS) staff have the training to carry out their

roles



for reviewing orders and local laws.



Outline programs, services and strategies that:



promote and encourage the responsible ownership of dogs and cats



ensure that pet owners comply with the Act, the regulations and any related legislation



minimise the risk of attacks by dogs on people and animals



address any over-population and high euthanasia rates for dogs and cats



encourage the registration and identification of dogs and cats



minimise the potential for dogs and cats to create a nuisance



ensure owners of dangerous, menacing, and restricted breed dogs comply with

requirements for keeping these dogs.

In addition, the Act allows council to address other cat and dog management issues and

opportunities as relevant to the municipality.

1.1. The Local Regulatory Context

The DAA establishes owner and local government obligations in relation to the management and

keeping of cats and dogs.

The DAA requires cats and dogs to be securely confined to their property. The Act also enables LGAs

to create further or more specific regulations relating to the control and confinement of cats and

dogs (local laws and orders

) in order to maintain a harmonious relationship between pet owners

and other residents.

Council’s General Local Law (2018)

defines the number of cats and dogs that can reside on each

type of property (Table 1).

Council has designated 21 sites where dogs are permitted to be off the leash as long as dog owners

comply with dog control regulations. Dogs

are required

to be on a leash in all other

public places including:



in conservation areas



within 30 metres of play areas



in the vicinity of BBQ and outdoor

eating areas



during formal sporting events

1 Domestic Animals Act, Section 68A, Victorian State Government

2 ‘Orders’ are made in line with the Victorian Domestic Animals Act, 1994 and ‘local laws are made in line with the Vic.

Local Government Act

3 Brimbank General Local Law (2018), parts 3 and 6 made in line with the Vic. Local Government Act

4 An Order created on 24 September 2013 in line with the Domestic Animals Act

Table 1- Number of cats and dogs permitted on

properties in Brimbank

Animal

Non-farming

land

Units, Townhouses,

Apartments, Flats

Farming Land

Dogs

Cats

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan



in the vicinity of informal sports or social events



within 5 metres of a walking or bike path where there may be heavy pedestrian traffic to or

from a school.

The DAA also allows council to create specific Orders that stipulate how cats and dogs must be

controlled and/or confined.

1.3. Council Planning Context

The Council Plan establishes the overall council planning and policy framework and the goals and

objectives that will determine service delivery priorities. The Council Plan contains 4 Strategic

Directions that have been determined through consultation with the community, business and not

for-profit sectors. The DAMP, together with other service area plans identifies the issues specific to the

service and strategies that address these in line with the Council Plan framework and principles.

Of the 4 Council Plan Strategic Directions the DAMP will play a key role in achieving goals relating to

community building/strengthening, liveability and service responsiveness

The DAMP has also incorporated relevant findings and recommendations from other service area

plans including the:



Municipal Public Health Plan



Community Strengthening Policy



Age-Friendly City Plan



Open Space and Playground Plan.

Council recognises the need for a whole-of-council approach to the planning of AMS. This will ensure

issues and opportunities relating to pet owners and their pets and the wider community are fully

understood and addressed by the relevant service areas.

2. Achievements from the Previous Domestic Animal Management Plan

The highlights from the 2017-2021 DAMP and service achievement from the last 4 years include:



Subsidised de-sexing initiative and program commenced



All Officers up to date with existing and new training opportunities



Renovations and improvements to animal holding facility.

3. Focus of the 2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

The DAMP recognises that council has to comply with its cat and dog responsibilities as defined in

the DAA and ensure residents do the same. However, the plan has identified the need for particular

focus over the next 4 years on:



increasing compliance with cat and dog registration requirements



initiatives to reduce stray cat populations and associated euthanasia rates



issues associated with barking dogs, owner control of dogs when in public places, and dogs

not confined to their property.

This DAMP recognises the broader community and personal context relating to pets and the matters

that need to be better understood. As a result, this DAMP also considers issues and opportunities

associated with:



enhancing the understanding of the changed scope of the service within council and

partnerships with relevant departments in order to address common service needs and

objectives



the provision of pound and shelter services



planning of provision for dogs in public open space



optimising partnerships with the community to achieve DAMP recommendations



enhancing communication with CALD communities that often have divergent attitudes and

experiences relating to pets, dogs in particular



support to pet owners in crisis situations.

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

4. Pet Ownership Trends and Sentiment

Research by Animal Medicines Australia (AMA)

in 2019 established that 61% of households in

Australia were likely to own a pet. Of these, an average of 40% of households owned at least one

dog and 27% at least one cat.

Research undertaken by AMA into the impact of Covid-

on in Australia indicates a significant increase in pet

ownership. It is estimated that post-Covid 69% of

households own at least one cat and/or dog. Dog

ownership has purportedly increased to 47% of

households and cat ownership to 30%.

International research

indicates similar trends in pet

adoptions during Covid-19, with 16% of Gen Z

respondents, 13% of millennials and 3% of baby boomers

adopting a new pet during the pandemic

Generally, pet ownership is likely to be higher

in families with young children, where people

live primarily in free-standing properties, in

rural areas, and in younger age groups

Areas with these demographic profiles are

likely to place additional pressure on AMS

teams.

In the UK there has been an extreme post

Covid-19 surrender of pets

. The Scottish

SPCA reports a 103% and 151% increase in

surrenders for dogs and cats respectively.

Similar trends have been reported in the

Australian media, however anecdotal

feedback from shelters indicates this has not occurred at the time of the writing of the DAMP.

5 Pets in Australia; A National Survey of Pets and People, p6

6 Pets and the Pandemic a Social Research of Pets and People in the COVID-19 Era

7 www.lifescienceleader.com/doc/increased-pet-ownership-during-covid-shows-need-for-animal-health-innovations

8 https://todaysveterinarybusiness.com/pets-appa-survey-covid/

9 Pets in Australia; A National Survey of Pets and People, p6

10 Shelters 'at capacity' with unwanted lockdown pets; www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-56546206

Table 2 – Pet ownership increases in

Australia post Covid-19

% of households

2019 2021 Difference

Dogs

+7%

Cats

+3%

Birds

+5%

Fish

+2%

Table 3 - What Pet Survey respondents say about their

pets

Statement

% of

respondents

Pets are an important part of my family

99% (92%)

It is important for me to have an animal

in my life

98% (80%)

My pets give me great comfort in times

of need

98% (76%)

My pet is important because they give

me unconditional affection

97% (65%)

* ‘Agree’+’Strongly' Agree’ (‘strongly agree only’ in brackets)

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

5. Our priorities for the Next Four Years

This section highlights service priorities for the next four years and background information relating to

service needs. Service priorities may change over the life of the DAMP, particularly in response to

changing community, animal management service, and other council service demands.

5.1. Service Overview and Staff Training

5.1.1. Service Objectives



A professional and well-integrated service team that has the skills, knowledge and capacity to

respond to current and changing service needs.



A service that embraces and encourages best practise and collaborative partnerships.

5.1.2. Background Information

The Animal Management Unit is part of the City

Compliance Department and the City Development

Directorate.

There are 5 Effective Full Time (EFT) staff dedicated

solely to the day-to-day operations of the service

including:



1 Compliance Co-ordinator who oversees all the

compliance functions of council including those

relating to the Animal Management unit



1 Senior Animal Management Officer (also carries

out Ranger duties)



3 Rangers (full time) who respond to customer

service requests and complaints, patrol the municipality including recreational spaces, and to

respond other service and community education activities



1 Administrative Support Officer (fulltime)

The Lost Dogs home located in North Melbourne provides council’s pound services. Council has a

small animal holding facility for lost cats and dogs from which pets are transferred daily to the Lost

Dogs Home.

Animal Management staff endeavour to return lost pets directly to the owner when appropriate

arrangements can be made. Feedback provided to council and survey feedback highlights

challenges associated with the pound service being located at a distance from the municipality

and opening hours that are particularly inconvenient for people who work.

Of survey respondents who have had a need to access the pound service, 55% stated the pound is

reasonably accessible and 45% stated it is not. Council acknowledges community feedback relating

to the distance and opening hours associated with the current pound service and will review these

arrangements over the term of the DAMP.

Training and education requirements of the team are reviewed annually. This ensures staff have the

knowledge and expertise to deal with service needs. The compliance function of the service is under

increasing pressure in relation to stray cats, complaints about barking dogs, dog attacks and

‘rushes’; the control of dogs in public places; park patrols; and ensuring general legislative

compliance. This significantly impacts the team’s ability to develop and implement proactive

initiatives in conjunction with potential project partners.

Similarly, anecdotal information

indicates that many LGAs, are struggling with workloads and

increasing community expectations of AMS teams particularly in relation to:



enforcement of dog control orders/poorly controlled dogs in public places



conflict between dogs off-leash and other open space activities



dog litter



a lack of resources to enable AMS to proactively engage with peak organisations and

community groups to address priority service issues



low compliance with registration requirements for cats and dogs.

11 Research by LMH Consulting 2018, 2021 for the preparation of DAMPs

Survey respondents say:



Council animal management staff are

helpful and courteous (78%)



Staff care about the welfare of animals

(77%)



Council understands and recognises the

importance and value of pets (72%)



There should be a pound service closer

to Brimbank (86%)

Ref: Pet Survey, 2021 (Respondents who

‘Agree/Strongly Agree’)

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

The DAMP has identified the limited opportunities through which council staff can engage

proactively with the community and via a public relations/partnership approach rather than a

regulatory approach. This severely restricts opportunities to build strong community partnerships that

in turn will expand the impact of council’s team.

The DAMP has identified the opportunity for enhanced integration of the service with other council

service areas, particularly in relation to pets and safety in the home (e.g. dog bites and attacks),

communication with CALD communities (e.g. culture-specific education material and information),

planning and provision of off-leash areas, and support for vulnerable pet owners (e.g. domestic

violence and the homeless).

AMS is not resourced to address the above community health and wellbeing and social support

issues. It is only with this whole-of-council approach that these matters can be addressed.

5.1.3. Actions to Address DAMP Findings

Proposed Actions – Service Overview and Staff Training

Year of Plan

1. Review staff training/education requirements and industry networking opportunities

Annual

2. In conjunction with the Lost Dogs Home, consider opportunities to enhance access

for residents needing to collect lost/stray dogs

Yr 2

3. Review animal holding facility and pound service requirements

Yr 3

4. Review service procedures to identify:



procedures that need to be reviewed/refined



additional procedures that need to be documented

Annual

5. Conduct annual briefing of/workshops with other council departments to:



enhance the understanding of the scope and changing nature of AMS service

demands



strengthen integrated service planning and delivery protocols and relationships.

Yrs 1 & 3

6. Prepare a Communication and Community Engagement Plan that considers

opportunities to:



to increase the profile of the Animal Management Service via selected media

channels, particularly in relation to partnerships, proactive initiatives in the

community and profiling of positive desired pet owner attributes and behaviours



increase the channels through which key pet related matters and opportunities

are communicated



optimise the reach of communications (i.e. broader reach than one-on-one only

communications)

Yr 2

5.2. Responsible Pet Ownership

5.2.1. Service Objective



To enhance information available via council outlets that communicates specific requirements

relating to pet owner responsibilities.

5.2.2. Background Information

Council recognises that responsible pet ownership commences well prior to adopting a pet. This is

particularly important when deciding on the type, breed and temperament of the pet most suited to

the family and accommodation environment. It also requires:



a clear understanding of the likely lifetime costs associated with owning a pet including food,

medication and veterinary costs, boarding/holiday care



a commitment to caring for and interacting with the pet on a regular basis

Once a pet is adopted, council expects pet owners will comply with all state government and

council requirements so that:



all cats and dogs are registered and microchipped



pets are desexed as required



pets are secured safely within household boundaries



dogs do not cause a disturbance by inappropriate levels of barking



dog owners comply with dog on-leash requirements and dog control orders.

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

All the recommendations in the DAMP are aimed at optimising outcomes relating to the care and

management of cats and dogs. However, the DAMP recognises the need for targeted information

and engagement in areas where the issues are more complex and significant.

Council acknowledges that the interpretation of the term ‘responsible pet owner’ can differ

significantly across the community, depending on a range of cultural and socio-economic factors

This is particularly apparent among different cultural groups that have varied attitudes relating to the

care/management of pets, and in some cases where there is fear because of past experiences with

animals, dogs in particular. Consultation for the DAMP identified opportunities for AMS to work with

other service areas to enhance information to people from CALD communities.

The AMS team works with a number of community-based groups and peak

organisations/associations such as Alley Cats, the National Desexing Network and Multilingual

CatEducational

. The team aims to expand and optimise engagement with partnership networks

over the life of the DAMP.

5.2.3. Actions to Address DAMP Findings

Proposed Actions – Responsible Pet Ownership

Year of Plan

7. Review all pet owner information available via council’s website and determine

opportunities to enhance and/or expand information:



in response to service priorities identified in the DAMP



to enhance interaction/connection with the pet owning community

Yr 3

8. Investigate opportunities to connect with different cultural groups in relation to the

care and management of pets. This may include consideration of:



presentations by AMS at community forums organised by other council

departments



breaking down messaging relating to the requirements of ‘responsible pet

ownership’ rather than generic/non-specific information (e.g. dog control, cat

confinement)



information translated into other languages



culturally specific programs.

Yrs 2-4

9. Consider opportunities to connect with cat and dog owners via community run

events. Involvement may include:



free/low-cost microchipping



information sessions



dog obedience displays.

Yrs 3/4

5.3. Overpopulation and Euthanasia of Pets

5.3.1. Service Objectives



To have in place an ongoing strategy that:



minimises the number of pets, in particular cats entering the pound and shelter system



involves effective and productive relationships with relevant peak associations,

veterinarians, rescue groups/shelters, adjoining LGAs etc.



is founded on best practice and scientifically sound strategies



effectively engages with target populations.

5.3.2. Background Information

Council recognises the animal and human toll associated with excess populations of pets, in

particular the high euthanasia rates of cats. Research demonstrates that the issues associated with

policy and practices relating to the management of cats is complex and will arouse diverse opinions

and sentiment. Remedies often focus on resolving the immediate concern (e.g. removal of a cat

colony, trapping of uncontained cats).

12 The Responsible Dog Owner: The Construction of Responsibility; Anthrozoos: A Multidisciplinary Journal of The Interactions of

People & Animals 32(5):631-646; September 2019; C. Westgarth

13 https://multilingualcateducational.weebly.com/about.html

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

Research

has demonstrated that low level culling of cat colonies/populations does not lead to a

decrease, but rather an increase in unowned cat numbers. As a result, these methods are unlikely to

impact outcomes for wildlife, spread of disease or public and cat health outcomes. To achieve a

decrease in unowned cat populations requires and estimated 30-50%of the population to be

trapped and culled every 6 months for at least 10 years. This strategy has resourcing and potential

public relations implications for council.

Research undertaken in the US reinforces the need for targeted interventions that use GIS tracking of

complaints and known populations of stray cats to determine localities/neighbourhoods for targeting

and to monitor program effectiveness.

The reduction of stray and semi-owned cat numbers and associated complaints will be a key focus

for AMS over the term of the DAMP.

The number of cats impounded has decreased from a high of 2,605 in 2018/19 to 2,120 in 2021. In

2021 the number of cats returned to an owner was 96 or 4.5% of impounded cats. The number of

cats rehomed has fluctuated from a low of 200 (15% of impounded cats) in 2019/20 to a high, of 888

(79% of impounded cats in 2021 according to LDH

reports.

The number of cats euthanised has decreased between 2018/19 to 2020/21from 1,578 to 1,118 or

53% of impounded cats. However, this data does not include cats euthanised because of disease or

poor temperament.

It cannot be assumed the decrease in cats entering the pound is a true indication of the number

cats being surrendered. Over recent years there has been a proliferation of rescue groups through

which an increasing number of cats are being surrendered and rehomed.

As a result, volunteer-based rescue groups are financially under resourced and volunteers suffer high

burn-out because of the emotional and financial cost associated with fostering animals. Foster

groups are generally not funded by LGAs.

It is estimated that 10-20% of people are likely to

feed a cat they ‘did not own’, and that only 20% of

these semi-owned cats are likely to be desexed.

This compares to owned cats at 80-90% of fully

owned cats being desexed.

However, in lower

socio-economic areas cats only 50%of cats are

estimated to be desexed compared to more

advantaged areas where 90% are estimated to be

desexed.

Over 20% of Brimbank Pet Survey respondents said they currently feed a stray cat or have in the past,

and 76% of respondents stated they would be more likely to take a stray cat to the pound if they

knew it would not be euthanised. Eighty-five percent of respondents would like to better understand

the strategies to reduce the number of stray cats

A proactive and fully integrated approach to managing ‘stray’ and ‘semi-owned’ cat populations

can result in the following benefits:



reduced costs associated with the collection, rehoming and or euthanising of cats



fewer cat nuisance complaints to council



a decrease in the number of cats entering pounds, shelters and a decrease euthanasia rates



fewer stray cats that suffer poor health and from disease



reduced impact on native wildlife



reduction in stress suffered by professionals and volunteers associated with euthanising and

rehoming of animals

As part of the program to reduce stray cat numbers, council will continue to involve mobile desexing

programs, implement low cost desexing initiatives associated with the National Desexing Network

14 Identifying Best Practice Domestic Cat Management in Australia, RSPCA, 2018, p44

15 Based on the number complaints, reduction in intakes at shelters/pounds, increase in sterilisation levels of cats and dogs

taken in by pounds/shelters etc.

16 Lost Dogs Home

17 Managing Cats Humanely and Scientifically to Reduce Cats, Wildlife Predation and Costs, J. Rand; G2Z Summit

18 www.alleycat.org/resources/new-scientific-study-finds-vast-majority-of-pet-cats-are-neutered/

19 www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/all-dogs-go-heaven/201310/animal-euthanasia-and-traumatic-stress

Percentage of Pet Survey respondents who:



feed a stray cat or have in the past (26%)



have adopted a stray cat and had it

desexed (31%)



would like more information about the

management of stray cat populations (85%)

Ref: Pet Survey, 2021

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

and the Community Cat Program

. In addition, council will work with relevant professional and

community-based organisations to:



optimise opportunities to address matters associated with the stray and semi-owned cat

populations



encourage a greater participation by local vets in juvenile desexing cat desexing programs



encourage appropriate community-based desexing initiatives



encourage people who feed stray cats to take full responsibility for cats they currently care for



distribute information that helps correct perceptions that cats need to be outside and/or be

able to wander.

Research

warns against using the term ‘feral’ when referring to ‘stray’ and ‘semi-owned’ cats

because it isolates residents who are feeding and caring for stray cats. Most of the cats cared for in

this way do not exhibit ‘feral’ behaviours. As a result, these residents are unlikely to associate the cat

they are caring for as ‘feral’ or identify their care of these cats as problematic.

It is important that the total number of cats impounded be documented, including those classified

as ‘feral’. This will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the scope of the issues AMS staff

are having to address.

5.3.3. Actions to Address DAMP Findings

Proposed Actions – Overpopulation and Euthanasia of Pets

Year of Plan

10. Consider promotional/educational information that:



informs the community of the negative animal welfare outcomes associated

with feeding semi-owned/stray cats



encourage the full ownership/adoption of semi-owned/stray cats.

Yr 2

11. Work with LDH to ensure the following information is collected. This will identify areas

that can be targeted to address specific issues/needs:



Intake information e.g.



intake type e.g. ranger pick-up, surrender, finder stray, trapped, involved in

incident



address where animal came from/was collected from



if registered and microchipped at time of intake



reasons for surrender



Outgoing information e.g.



reclaimed, adopted, transferred to other facility/rescue group



if euthanised, the reason

Yr 1

12. Continue with initiatives that encourage the desexing of owned cats.

Ongoing

13. Undertake a review of the existing subsidised Brimbank Desexing Program

and associated initiatives including an analysis of current fee charges for cat

desexing. Part of this analysis will be examining the success of existing programs and

the feasibility and possibility of extending subsidised programs and consideration of

providing a free service to the community.

Yr 1

14. Evaluate the effectiveness of cat curfews during the term of the DAMP 2021-2025 by

benchmarking other Councils who have had long term similar controls and also

Councils who have recently introduced a cat Curfew within their Municipalities.

Ongoing

15. Investigate the use of GIS to plot and identify hot spots relating to cat complaints,

known colonies, requests for traps, and target strategies (by location) to reduce

stray cat numbers to these locations (e.g. neighbourhoods/ industrial and school

sites)

Yrs 2

16. Consider working with other western region LGAs to optimise resources and

partnerships that are aimed at minimising populations of semi-owned and stray cat

populations with a focus on:



shared messaging and educational information, including information in

languages other than English (e.g. messaging needs to communicate a

balanced perspective in order to optimise engagement with residents)



joint desexing initiatives and promotion of the need/benefit of desexing



encouragement of juvenile desexing of cats and involvement of veterinarians

Yr 2

20 https://petwelfare.org.au/community-cat-program

21 Managing Cats Humanely and Scientifically to Reduce Cats, Wildlife Predation and Costs, J. Rand

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

Proposed Actions – Overpopulation and Euthanasia of Pets

Year of Plan



involves peak sector organisations, community-based, research institutions



is informed by scientifically based research.

5.4. Registration and Identification of Pets

5.4.1. Service Objective



Cat and dog registrations that reflect industry estimations of actual likely ownership.

5.4.2. Background Information

Council’s database has 13,878 dogs

and 5,163 cats registered to

Brimbank residents. This is an

increase of 4,143 or 43% on 2017

registrations for dogs and 1,953 or a

60% increase for cats.

Animal Medicines Australia (AMA)

data indicates there is likely to be

significantly more dogs and cats

residing in Brimbank than are on

council’s registration database. Prior

to Covid-19 AMA

estimations put

likely dog and cat ownership at 28,826 and 20,269 respectively.

If AMA estimations are applied to estimated 2026 household numbers, then there is likely to be in

excess of 32,000 dogs and 22,000 cats residing in Brimbank at that time. If Covid-19 pet ownership

rates identified by the AMA are accurate there could be an additional 9% of households in Australia

with pets

Anecdotal and survey feedback indicates that non-compliance with pet registration requirements is

an industry wide issue and needs to be addressed as such. This in part explains why most AMS teams

do not have capacity to proactively address issues and are increasingly struggling to address

compliance obligations.

The funding of targeted doorknocks and random checking of registrations at off-leash areas for a

trial period of time will help council identify the likely level of compliance with registration

requirements.

Research demonstrates that changing public perceptions and behaviour is complex and strategies

traditionally employed by the local government sector (including punitive measures) will not

succeed in achieving behaviour change.

Given many LGAs report a high level of non

compliance with registration legislation, collaboration via peak associations such as the MAV could

be considered.

5.4.3. Actions to Address DAMP Findings

Proposed Actions – Registration and Identification of Pets

Year of Plan

17. Continue to cross-reference industry micro-chip databases with council’s cat and

dog registration databases

Ongoing

18. Conduct targeted door-knock checks for compliance with cat and dog

registrations

Yrs 1 & 3

19. Consider:



conducting 2-yearly random door knocks to check on cat and dog registrations

Yrs 2 & 4

22 Based on 1.3 dogs for 40% of households and 1.4 cats for 27% of households, pgs. 6&9; Pets in Australia; Animal Medicines

Australia

23 Pets and the Pandemic a Social Research of Pets and People in the COVID-19 Era

24 Changing Behaviour: A Public Policy Perspective; Australian Public Service Commission; Lynelle Briggs, Australian Public

Service Commissioner

Table 4 – Cat and Dog Registrations

2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21

Dog registrations

9,735 10,527 8,088 13,878

Likely actual dog

ownership (AMA)

28,826

Cat registrations

3,210 3,479 2,913 5,163

Likely actual cat

ownership (AMA)

20,269

Ref: AMA estimations of 60% of households owning at least 1 cat or dog

with 40% owning at least one dog and 27% at least one cat

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

Proposed Actions – Registration and Identification of Pets

Year of Plan



conducting random annual checks of registration at dog off-leash areas and

on-leash sites popular with dog owners

20. Map cat and dog ownership on council’s GIS system to identify areas of low

registration (compared to industry estimations of ownership) and target as part of

annual door knock.

Yr 2-4

21. Advocate to the MAV, regional LGA networks and peak associations to develop

and trial a model program aimed at enhancing perceptions and behaviours

relating to cat and dog registrations

Yr 4

5.5. Nuisance Issues

5.5.1. Service Objectives



To reduce complaints (per household/per head of population), relating to:



barking dogs



dog litter



dogs not contained on their property



the control and behaviour of dogs in public places.

5.5.2. Background Information

It is important that pet owners understand their obligations relating to the care of their pets, and

ensuring that they do not adversely impact on neighbourhood amenity and the peaceful use of

public places.

In 2020/21 complaints relating to dogs accounted for 44% of all cat and dog related complaints. This

is a 9% decrease on the previous 2 years during which complaints about dogs accounted for 54% of

all cat and dog complaints.

However, this decrease has to be understood in relation to the Covid-19 pandemic which has

changed the nature of complaints relating to dogs across the local government sector.

Some LGAs

have reported increases in barking dog complaints during these periods while others report a

decrease in these complaints. Similarly with dog attacks and complaints relating to dogs not

contained on properties.

For Brimbank, there has been a decrease in complaints relating to dogs not contained to their

property, nuisance behaviours and barking dogs during 2020/21 when the impacts of Covid-19

where most significant. Data that indicates a decrease or increase during this period needs to be

interpreted cautiously and not necessarily viewed as a result of effective intervention programs.

Pet Survey responses also indicate a decrease in complaints about dogs wandering off their property

and barking dogs. However, 22% of respondents stated that barking dogs and 19% dogs wandering

were currently issues for them. In addition, 57% of respondents identified dogs barking at them

through front fences as problematic.

In the 3 years preceding Covid-19 impacts, the largest number of complaints related to dogs. In

particular to nuisance behaviours (38.3% of complaints), wandering dogs (8% of complaints) and

barking dogs (6.2% of complaints).

Consistent with survey results from other LGAs, Brimbank survey respondents identify dog litter as their

most significant grievance involving dogs. Eighty-six percent of respondents identify this as a current

issue and/or an issue in the past. The lack of compliance with dog control orders and a lack of

courtesy by dog owners is identified as an issue by nearly 50% of survey respondents.

Research indicates that at least 60%

of dog owners do not always pick up their dog’s litter and 9%

never pick it up. Areas where dogs are off the leash, whether legitimately or not, and lower profile

sites such as trails incur more dog litter than do more popular and high-profile sites. There is a

significant population of dog owners who do not associate the privilege of being able to walk their

dog in a public place with their civic responsibility to pick up dog litter.

25 Anecdotal and reported information from LGAs, LMH Consulting 2021 DAMP research

26 Dogs in Parks; Managing the Waste, Nov 2018; R. Dolesh; LMH Pet Surveys, 2018; Dirty Dog Study, Milbemax 2013

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

This is supported by surveys

of dog owners who say they are more likely to pick up their dog’s litter if

there are other people around, have someone with them.

Research demonstrates that people who walk their dog on a leash are 10%

more likely to pick up

litter, and the provision of more bins would encourage dog owners to appropriately dispose of litter.

A trial research project in the USA concludes that behaviour change in relation to dog litter can only

be successfully addressed via:



community-led strategies that involve school-aged children



strong partnerships between community agencies and organisations.

Nuisance matters associated with the behaviour and control of dogs in public places is addressed in

section 5.9.

Over 56% of complaints received by council in 2020/21 related to cats. This was the first time in the

last 4 years that complaints relating to cats exceeded those relating to dogs. Complaints involving

cats has fluctuated over the last 4 years from a low of 1,473 in 2017/18 to a high of 2,063 in 2020/21.

The majority of these complaints relate to stray and unowned cats. Therefore any strategies aimed at

reducing complaints relating to unowned cats should be:



part of an overall plan that includes strategies that target the discrete cat populations (e.g.

unowned, semi-owned, fully owned and feral cat populations)



well aligned to strategies to reduce the stray and semi-owned cat populations



well aligned to increasing rates of desexing of ‘owned cats’.

Nuisance issues relating to cats is addressed in section 5.3 (Overpopulation and Euthanasia of Pets).

5.5.3. Actions to Address DAMP Findings

Proposed Actions – Nuisance Matters

Yr of Plan

22. Review information available via council outlets (web site, services centres,

Facebook etc.) that informs owners of:



problematic environments/situations that are likely to trigger excessive barking



strategies to address dogs that bark excessively



type and availability of assistance/resources (e.g. printed information, local dog

behaviourists etc.)

Yrs 2/3

Refer also actions in Section 5.3 Over Population and Euthanasia of Pets

5.6. Dog Bites, and Attacks

5.6.1. Service Objectives



To minimise the incidence of dog bites, attacks and rushes as a proportion of the population



To provide and promote information:



that clearly defines the difference between a ‘dog rush’ and a ‘dog attack’



promotes safe behaviours around dogs in the home and in public places.

5.6.2. Background Information

Council recognises the need to create awareness of safe practices and behaviours around dogs,

particularly in and around the home where most dog attacks and bites occur

. Children are

significantly more likely to incur serious dog bites, because they are more likely to be bitten on the

upper body

Most dog bites and attacks on children are triggered by

natural childlike behaviour that can be confronting to

dogs (e.g. flaying of arms, squeals, sudden movement)

and approaching a dog when it is feeding. Generally,

27 LMH/P4P DAMP surveys, 2018-2021

28 Final Report: Dog Guardians’ Perceptions and Behaviors Related to the Disposal of Pet Waste in City of Boulder Open

Space and Mountain Parks, A. Blenderman, B. Derrick et al, 2018

29 Dogs in Parks; Managing the Waste, R. Dolesh, Nov 2018

30 The Australian Veterinary Association identifies that 73%-81% of dog attacks/bites occur in the home environment

31 Australian Veterinary Association; Dangerous Dogs – A Sensible Solution

A dog’s tendency to bite/attack is linked

to heredity, a lack socialisation and

training, poor health, and the behaviour

of the victim.

Ref: Dangerous Dogs – A Sensible Solution,

AVA

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

the victim is familiar with the dog (i.e. the family dog or friend’s dog) and bites/attacks on children

occur when there is no-one supervising the child when around the dog.

The Australian RSPCA, the AVA, highlight the need to focus on strategies where incidents are most

likely to occur and on community-based initiatives. Currently most strategies are aimed at the public

environment when incidents, particularly serious ones, are most likely to occur in or near the home

environment.

In view of these findings, council identifies the need for a primary focus on increasing owner and

community understanding of the:



nature of dogs and the predisposition of any dog to bite or attack given the circumstances



triggers that might cause a dog to bite or attack



need to supervise children when around dogs, particularly in the home environment



importance of not approaching a dog uninvited when in a public place (risk management

and curtesy)



need to train and socialise dogs when they are puppies and again when they are mature



the need for community-based initiatives.

A significant number of complaints reported by residents as ‘dog attacks’ are later identified as ‘dog

rushes’ when investigated. However, it is still a reportable and punishable offence if owners do not

prevent their dogs from rushing at other people and/or dogs. A dog that is reported for rushing can

be declared as a ‘menacing dog’.

The prevalence of dog attacks and rushing are likely to be significantly higher than are denoted in

council’s complaints records because many incidents go unreported.

5.6.3. Actions to Address DAMP Findings

32 Australian and NZ Journal of Public Health; The Incidence of Public Sector Hospitalisations Due to Dog Bites in Australia

2001–2013, 16 July 2017

Proposed Actions – Dog Bites and Attacks

Year of Plan

23. Review the information relating to dog attacks and bites that is currently available

via council channels (e.g. website, Facebook, editorials, pre-schools, event days),

and how the information is provided/promoted in order to optimise strategies to

prevent dog bites and attacks.

Consideration can be given to information that targets improved understanding

of:



supervision of children when around dogs and how children’s behaviour can

trigger unwanted reactions by dogs



appropriate behaviour/approaches to dogs when in public places



dog control Orders.

Yrs 2-3

24. Consider the translation of key ‘safe behaviours around dogs’ (in the home and

public environments) messages into relevant languages for parents/carers of

children

Yr 2-3

25. Work with council’s Communications & Community support unit’s to identify

opportunities to enhance communication of key pet safety messages to CALD

communities and develop a plan for engagement and communication

opportunities.

Yr 1

26. Encourage pre-schools and schools to participate in the Victorian State

government programs:



Pet Town learning tool



We Are Family program



Kindergarten Program



Primary School Program

Yrs 1-4

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

5.7. Dangerous, Menacing, and Restricted Breed Dogs

5.7.1. Service Objectives



Increased information highlighting dog behaviour that can result in dogs being ‘declared’



To ensure owners of dangerous, menacing and restricted breed dogs:



are aware of their obligations



comply with all legislated requirements for the keeping of these animals.

5.7.2. Background Information

Council does not have any restricted breed dogs on its registration database and discourages

ownership of these dogs in line with Victorian State Government ‘breed specific’ legislation (BSL)

introduced in 2005.

Council can declare a dog as a ‘menacing’ if the dog has ‘rushed’ at a person or animal or inflicted

a non-serious bite injury to either. Council has the authority to put in place leashing and muzzling

measures for dogs that are declared as ‘menacing’. If a dog incurs 2 ‘menacing dog’ violations the

dog can then be declared as a ‘dangerous dog’. In addition, a dog that is trained as a guard dog is

automatically declared as a ‘dangerous dog’.

Council recognises the need to increase inspections of industrial sites/precincts to ensure

compliance with regulations relating to guard dogs.

Any dog has a predisposition to anti-social and menacing dog behaviours depending on

environmental, social and temperament triggers. As a result, council reinforces the need for owners

to appropriately educate their dogs, be consistent with expectations about behaviour and actively

supervise their dog in public places. This minimises the likelihood of a dog attracting menacing and

declared dog violations.

5.7.3. Actions to Address DAMP Findings

Proposed Actions – Dangerous, Menacing, and Restricted Breed Dogs

Year of Plan

27. Continue with program of inspections for industrial areas/precincts for compliance

with guard dog registration requirements

Ongoing

Refer also recommendations in section 5.6 – Dog Bites and Attacks

As per section

5.6

5.8. Domestic Animal Businesses

5.8.1. Service Objective



To ensure that all Domestic Animal Businesses (DABS):



comply with registration requirements and with

relevant Codes of Practice



are aware of support resources available through

council and Agriculture Victoria.

5.8.2. Background Information

All Domestic Animal Businesses must be registered with

council, and council is required to inspect DABs annually to

ensure they comply with legislation and Codes of Practice.

Council works closely with DABs to assist them to understand

their obligations and to offer advice and support

In Brimbank there are 5 Domestic Animal Businesses.

5.8.3. Actions to Address DAMP Findings

Proposed Actions – Domestic Animal Businesses

Year of Plan

28. Carry out a desktop search for DABs that may not be aware of their obligations to

Ongoing

29. Review information for and about DABs available via council sources to ensure

information is current and accessible

Yr 3

Categories of Domestic Animal

Businesses (DABs) that must be

registered with council:



Cat and/or dog breeders. This

excludes ‘micro breeders’ and

‘recreational breeders’ who are

members of a relevant

organisation



Dog training enterprises/facilities



Pet shops that sell animals



Animal shelters/adoption facilities



Animal pounds

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

5.9. Control of Dogs in Public Places

5.9.1. Service Objective



To increase compliance of dog owners with on and off-leash regulations as measured by bi

annual community surveys and random site observations and interventions by AMS staff.

5.9.2. Background Information

In line with survey results from other LGAs, Pet Survey respondents express frustration with dogs being

off-leash in on-leash areas (71% of survey respondents), and the lack of control dog owners have or

are prepared to exert over their dogs (60% of survey respondents). Rude and aggressive dog owners

is or has been an issue for over 62% of survey respondents.

Sixty-nine percent of Pet Survey respondents are dog owners. This demonstrates that a significant

proportion of dog owners are likely to be as concerned with owner behaviour when approached

about their:



dog’s behaviour



lack of control over their dog or lack of will to control their dog.

Council’s Order relating to dog control does not define the term ‘effective control’ which can be,

and often is, interpreted broadly. This leaves expectations open to debate and makes it difficult for

AMS staff to enforce the dog control Order. The DAMP recommends that the term ‘effective control’

be defined more explicitly and includes requirements/expectations pertaining to:



maximum distance allowable between owner and dog (50 metres recommended)



dogs being within unobstructed sight of their dog at all times



the immediacy of a dog’s response to recall commands



not letting dogs annoy other people or dogs



owners actively monitoring/supervising their dogs.

Complaints referred to council are unlikely to reflect the extent of community frustration in relation to

compliance with on-leash and dog control regulations. Anecdotal feedback from surveys

establishes a low level of community satisfaction across the local government sector in relation to the

monitoring of on-leash regulations. Similarly this research highlights the increasing defensiveness of a

significant population of dog owners in relation to dog litter, un-leashed dogs and unwanted

approaches by their dogs.

Responsive and responsible dog owners are

concerned that this is reflecting poorly on them and

may lead to restricted access to open space areas

for dog owners who do the right thing.

There has been a proliferation of commentary and

discussion on the internet and social media sites in

relation to dog control and dog owner behaviour,

indicating increasing tension between less

responsible dog owners and other members of the

public.

Similar to other LGAs council’s AMS team does not

have the capacity to increase random patrols of on

and off-leash areas to:



monitor for compliance



deal with the issues through effective and proactive public relations and behaviour change

programs.

Research demonstrates there is likely to be in excess of 75-85%

of dog owners who have not taken

their adult dog to training or obedience classes, and most training of the family dog has only

involved one member of the family. This indicates the likely high level of dogs and dog walkers who

have not attended formal/professional training and socialisation programs with their adult dog.

33 Written comments via LMH Consulting/P4P surveys 2018-2021

34 2021-2022 APPA National Pet Owners Survey

Current and/or past issues for residents

involving dogs:



Owners not picking up dog litter (86%)



Owners letting dogs off the leash in on

leash areas (71%)



Owners letting their dog annoy other

dogs (63%)



Owners letting their dog annoy other

people (56%)



Rude and aggressive dog owners (62%)

Ref: Pet Survey, 2021 (Respondents who state as

a current and/or past issue)

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

Eighty-five percent of Pet Survey respondents believe dogs can be trained to immediate recall if the

owner puts in the appropriate time and effort. Even so, 38% state their dog does not immediately

respond to their recall commands and 71% state there are occasions when their dog has not

responded to their recall commands.

Fifty-seven percent of survey respondents are interested in

knowing more about dog obedience and education opportunities they can attend.

The AMS team will investigate opportunities to incorporate promotion and educational information

available through the Lost Dogs Home and onsite training programs offered through the

organisation.

5.9.3. Actions to Address DAMP Findings

Proposed Actions – Control of Dogs in Public Places

Year of Plan

30. Investigate information and programs available in partnership with the Lost Dogs

Home in relation to training and education initiatives offered by the organisation

Yr 3

31. Investigate opportunities with the Lost Dogs Home and professional dog trainers/

educators for a program of low or subsidised dog training/education initiatives

Yr 4

Refer also recommendations in section 5.2 Responsible Pet Ownership in relation to

targeted messaging strategies about dog control requirements

5.10. Open Space Planning

5.10.1. Service Objectives

A whole-of-council and integrated approach to the planning and management of relevant public

open space to ensure:



the knowledge, expertise and service delivery requirements of AMS are incorporated and

appropriately addressed and planning is undertaken in line with best practice guidelines



open space planning relating to dog owners and dogs is undertaken with a full understanding

of relevant existing service delivery capacity and demands



to ensure AMS/council has the future capacity to deliver in line with service level expectation



to ensure the needs of people who do not want to interact with dogs are addressed

5.10.2. Background Information

Council’s Open Space and Playground Policy and Plan does not currently make reference to

provision requirements relating to dog owners/dogs.

It is essential that AMS is involved in the planning for and siting of off-leash areas (unfenced, partially

fenced or fully-fenced). This will ensure that off-leash area boundaries are well defined, sites can be

effectively monitored for compliance, and adequacy of buffers between dog of-leash and other

parkland activities. Research for the DAMP identifies the need to review the boundaries of some off

leash areas and to consider alternative provision options in some areas.

In terms of fenced off-leash areas, involvement by AMS will ensure that risk management strategies

to help manage dog behaviour and encourage active supervision by owners are incorporated. A

whole-of-council approach will also ensure that ongoing management and maintenance

requirements are identified and relevant resources allocated.

There has been a proliferation of fenced off-leash areas

designed without the involvement of AMS teams or an

understanding of dog and human behaviour in these

environments.

Research indicates that requests for the fencing of off

leash areas most commonly come from owners of dogs

who cannot/will not control their dogs in line with dog

control Orders. Confining poorly controlled/ behaved

dogs will increase risk management implications

associated with these spaces.

The DAMP acknowledges the challenges associated with competing demands for access to open

space for sport and unstructured recreation activities such as walking and family play. Historically,

35 Brimbank Pet Survey, 2021

Brimbank Pet Survey respondents:



believe fenced off-leash areas attract

poorly controlled/behaved dogs (39%)



say they have stopped going to fenced

off-leash areas because of poorly

behaved/controlled dogs (39%). In



believe owners supervise their dogs

better in unfenced as compared to

fenced areas (46%)

Ref: Brimbank Pet Survey, 2021

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

the local government sector has not included provision for dogs off-leash in the allocation of space

for dogs off-leash.

As a result, provision is often made in and around other parkland activities, often causing conflict

because of the lack of separation between off-leash activities and other activities and sensitive

environments and lack of owner control. Similarly, there is often conflict between sporting clubs and

dog owners at some sites because of dog litter and wear and tear of surfaces.

The DAMP recognises the need to reconsider boundaries of some off-leash areas to better define

them for ease of compliance and clarity for dog owners

Dog owners in Brimbank are required to have their dog

on a lead other than on the 23 sites where dogs can be

leash free as long as the owner can control their dog in

line with the dog control Order. Eight sites are in

dedicated fenced off-leash areas.

There are also areas where dogs are not permitted either

on or off the leash. These include sensitive conservation areas and are signed as such.

A 2020 research project

identifies that problematic dog behaviours are a welfare issue for the dogs

concerned. It also highlights fear is due to a lack of socialisation with the urban environment and

unfamiliar people, and factors such as poor socialisation during puppyhood and infrequent

participation in training and other activities. Dogs that show fearful behaviours are also likely to be

smaller, female and under 8 years of age.

5.10.1. Actions to Address DAMP Findings

Proposed Actions – Open Space Planning

Year of Plan

32. Ensure that the review of the Open Space and Playground Plan includes

consideration of provision for dog owners/dogs

Ongoing

33. Review off-leash sites in terms of ease of identification of boundaries by the

community and for compliance monitoring

Yr 2

5.11. Vulnerable Pet Owners and Crisis Management

5.11.1. Service Objectives



Whole-of-organisation service planning that includes investigation and consideration of

specific matters relating to pet owners and their pets in times of crisis.

5.11.2. Background Information

Council recognises that gender and/or social inequity has a high correlation with personal wellbeing.

Brimbank ranks fourth lowest of the 79 LGAs in Victoria on the SEIFA Index

which means there is an

extremely high level of disadvantage across the municipality. In addition, residents report a

significantly lower level of wellbeing than do Victorians overall

This socio-economic and health and wellbeing environment has particular implications for vulnerable

pet owners, AMS and other council support services than has previously been documented.

AMS staff report a high incidence of animal hoarding and an increase in matters associated with

homeless pet owners.

The Australian Health Review

reports that mental health disorders are generally associated with

incidents of animal hoarding. Because specialist services are rarely involved in cases of animal

hoarding mental health assessment of the hoarder is seldom undertaken. As a result, hoarding will

commonly recommence after existing animals have been removed.

36 Inadequate Socialisation, Inactivity, and Urban Living Environment are Associated with Social Fearfulness in Pet Dogs,

Nature Research/Scientific Reports, J.i Puurunen, E. Hakanen et al; 2020

37 SEIFA Index Ranks areas in Australia According to Relative Socio-Economic Advantage and Disadvantage.

38 Municipal Public Health Plan

39 Mental Health of Animal Hoarders: A Study of Consecutive Cases in New South Wales; www.publish.csiro.au/AH/AH19103;

J. Snowden et al; 2019

In Brimbank there are:



23 sites where dogs can be off the lead

as long as they are controlled in line

with the dog control Order, of these

there are



8 fully fenced off-leash areas.

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

Research undertaken by Latrobe University found animals subject to hoarding suffered severe

behavioural problems, disease or injury. As a result, most were unable to be rehomed after they were

removed from the property.

Reports or complaints relating to animal hoarding are generally made to council or the RSPCA.

These organisations are not equipped to deal with the mental health issues that typically underlies

these situations.

The Latrobe University report recommends that, as in the USA, multi-disciplinary teams be established

for dealing with incidents of animal hording. To do otherwise will result in repeat behaviours and poor

outcomes for the people and animals involved, including neighbours.

The Brimbank Response to Recovery Strategy reports the city has the highest rate of homelessness in

Melbourne’s west and has increase by 30% since 2011

. According to a UK study

between 5% and

24% of homeless people are likely to own pets, primarily dogs.

These animals are often the primary and often exclusive sources of physical, psychological, and

social support to their owners, and often instigate contact with the wider community. However, they

can also be the reason the owner continues to be homeless because of a lack of pet friendly

accommodation. Unlike animals associated with hoarders, pets of the homeless are likely to be

cared for similarly to dogs in the wider community.

The document Preventing Violence Together

sets out

the plan for addressing issues relating to domestic

violence in the western region of Melbourne. Research

confirms a high correlation between socio-economic

disadvantage and domestic violence.

This is consistent

with trends in Brimbank, which has a high level of

disadvantage and the highest incidence of domestic

violence in the region.

The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence (NCADV)

reports that only 12% of domestic

violence programs can accommodate pets, and 40% of domestic violence victims are unable to

escape their abusers because they cannot access accommodation with/for their pets.

Accommodation that does provide for pets generally does so on a short-term basis only.

Over 52% of women are likely to delay leaving a domestic violence situation because they fear for

the safety of their pets.

Council recognises the need to ensure prevention and support plans

address the specific needs of pet owners in these situations.

In line with Victorian State Government legislation, LGAs are responsible for facilitating the

preparation of Emergency Management Plans. In addition, local government is responsible for

defined functions relating to the care and management of animals during and immediately

following times of emergency

. These responsibilities include:



the accommodation of lost and displaced animals, including those presenting at relief centres



provision of food and water



collection/storing of food and donated goods



attending to emergency animal welfare needs



co-ordination of post emergency recovery activities.

Council recognises the need to ensure that the Emergency Animal Management Plan for the

municipality addresses the needs of pet and animal owners in times of emergency.

40 Pets Galore: Study into Animal Hoarding; www.latrobe.edu.au/news/articles/2014/release/pets-galore-study-into-animal

hoarding

41 Brimbank Coronavirus (COVID-19) Response and Recovery Strategy,

42 Homeless People and Their Dogs: Exploring the Nature and Impact of the Human–Companion Animal Bond; L. Scanlon et

al; 2021; www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08927936.2021.1878683

43 Preventing Violence Together 2030;Western region strategy to prevent violence against women

44 Family, domestic and sexual violence in Australia; AIHW, 2018 /Economic Stress and Domestic Violence; Centre for

Research on Violence Against Women; Claire M. Renzetti; University of Dayton

45 Municipal Public Health Plan; 112 incidents/10,000 residents (Brimbank) / 102/10,000 residents in Western Region

46 National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, Pets and Domestic Violence; Every Home A Safe Home

47 Royal Commission into Family Violence Submission: The Link Between Domestic Violence & Animal Abuse, J. Johnson OAM

48 Victorian Emergency Animal Welfare Plan, 2019, section 8.7

Pet Survey respondents who have been

or are currently concerned about:



Animals impacted by domestic

violence or abuse – 31%



The welfare or the treatment of an

animal in their neighbourhood – 50%

Ref: Brimbank Pet Survey, 2021

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

5.11.3. Actions to Address DAMP Findings

Proposed Actions – Vulnerable Pet Owners and Crisis Management

Year of Plan

34. Advocate for a whole-of-council (and external stakeholder networks) approach to

addressing matters of animal hoarding to:



ensure effective strategies that minimise reoccurrence are put in place



ensure involvement by mental health and hoarding specialists



identify collaborative partnerships with other LGAs and to optimise efficiencies of

scale and impact

Yr 4

35. Liaise with relevant council departments to optimise information about pet care

support services available in the region for people who are homeless (e.g. via not-for

profit, government agencies)

Yr 4

36. Identify staff to undertake CRAF (Common Risk Assessment Framework) or similar

training (Family Violence)

As per training

schedule

37. Explore regional partnership opportunities to advocate for the needs of pet owners

experiencing domestic violence

Yrs 2-3

38. Facilitate the preparation of an Emergency Animal Management Plan in line with

Victorian State Government requirements.

Yrs 1/2

6. Implementation and Review of the Domestic Animal Management Plan

In years 1-3 an interim review of the Domestic Animal Management Plan (DAMP) will be undertaken

In line with the requirements of the DAA. In four years a full review of the plan will be completed.

Priorities in the DAMP may be amended over the life of the plan depending on:



new or changing Animal Management service demands and the capacity of the department

to address matters over and above compliance requirements



the capacity of other departments to address relevant issues identified in the plan



opportunities to partner with community, government, educational and the business sector

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

7. Appendices

Appendix 1 – The Domestic Animals Act Requirement of council

Under Section 68A of the Domestic Animals Act, every Council must prepare a Domestic Animal

Management Plan, as follows:

68A Councils to prepare Domestic Animal Management Plans

(1) Every Council must, in consultation with the Secretary (

of the Department of Primary Industries

prepare at 4-year intervals a

Domestic Animal Management Plan

(2) A

Domestic Animal Management Plan

prepared by a Council must:

(a) set out a method for evaluating whether the animal control services provided by the

Council in its municipal district are adequate to give effect to the requirements of this

Act

and the regulations; and

(b) outline programs for the training of authorised officers to ensure that they can properly

administer and enforce the requirements of this

Act

in the Council's municipal district;

and

municipal district—

(i) to promote and encourage the responsible ownership of dogs and cats

(ii) to ensure that people comply with this Act, the regulations and any related

legislation

(iii) to minimise the risk of attacks by dogs on people and animals

(iv) to address any over-population and high euthanasia rates for dogs and cats

(v) to encourage the registration and identification of dogs and cats

(vi) to minimise the potential for dogs and cats to create a nuisance

(vii) to effectively identify all dangerous dogs, menacing dogs and restricted breed dogs

in that district and to ensure that those dogs are kept in compliance with this Act

and the regulations

(d) provide for the review of existing orders made under this Act and local laws that relate to

the Council's municipal district with a view to determining whether further orders or local

laws dealing with the management of dogs and cats in the municipal district are

desirable

(e) provide for the review of any other matters related to the management of dogs and cats

in the Council's municipal district that it thinks necessary

(f) provide for the periodic evaluation of any program, service, strategy or review outlined

under the plan.

(3) Every Council must—

(a) review its

Domestic Animal Management Plan

annually and, if appropriate, amend the

plan

(b) provide the Secretary with a copy of the plan and any amendments to the plan

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

Appendix 2 – Key statistics

YEAR

2017/18 2018/19 2019/20

2020/21 DAMP

DEMOGRAPHICS

Resident Population

204,190

209,442

Number of households

67,009

69,522

DOGS

Number of registered dogs

9,735 10,527

8,088

13,878

Household penetration based on 40%

of h'holds owning 1.3 dogs (AMA)

36,151

Difference btw registrations and likely

actual registrations

22,273.4

Number of dangerous dogs

Number of desexed registered dogs

% of registered dogs

Number of impounded dogs

904

1,015

869

562

Number of impounded dogs returned

to owner

421

590

557

348

% of impounded dogs

46.6

58.1

64.1

61.9

Number of dogs rehoused

286

110

141

% of impounded dogs

31.6

7.4

25.1

Number of dogs euthanaised

124

110

% of impounded dogs

13.7

10.8

4.6

7.8

831.0

810.0

661.0

533.0

CATS

Number of registered cats

3,210

3,479

2,913

5,163

Household penetration based on 27%

of h'holds owning 1.4 cats (AMA)

26279

Difference btw registrations and likely

actual registrations

21116

Number of desexed registered cats

% of registered cats

Number of impounded cats

1660

2605

2269

2,120

Number of impounded cats returned

to owner

% of impounded cats

1.6

3.0

2.6

4.5

Number of cats rehoused

584

240

200

888

% of impounded cats

57.0

15.2

15.0

79.4

Number of cats euthanaised

1025

1578

1330

1118

% of impounded cats

61.7

60.6

58.6

52.7

1636

1895

1589

2102

Customer Service Requests and Complaints

Cat nuisance

1473

1822

1692

2063

% of complaints

39.0

45.0

45.6

56.3

Dog – wandering

337

330

264

176

% of complaints

8.9

8.2

7.1

4.8

Dog - nuisance

1558

1489

1368

1172

% of complaints

41.3

36.8

36.9

32.0

Dog attack

104

100

108

117

% of complaints

2.8

2.5

2.9

3.2

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

YEAR

2017/18 2018/19 2019/20

2020/21 DAMP

Dog rush

% of complaints

1.4

1.3

1.6

1.3

Dog – barking

248

252

219

% of complaints

6.6

6.2

5.9

2.5

TOTAL

3774

4047

3712

3666

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

Appendix 3 – Operational Information

1. Authorised Officer Training and Qualification Requirements

2. Animal Management Service Procedures

This section provides a summary of service procedures in place and those proposed for drafting or

review. Generally these procedures relate to services provided directly by council. In some cases

a service is provided by a service contractor (e.g. LDH). In these cases council will work with

contractors to ensure that procedures are in line with relevant legislation and codes of practice.

The table identifies when the review cycle, if the procedure is due for review or needs to be

developed.

QUALIFICATIONS AND TRAINING DEVELOPMENT

Staff Member

TRAINING OF AUTHORISED OFFICERS

Sen R1

AM(C)

Cert IV Animal Control/Gov’t Reg./

Relevant Industry Experience

Customer Service Training/ Dealing

with Difficult Customers

Bi-annual Bi-annual Bi-annual Bi-annual Bi-annual

Aggressive Dog Handling Training

R-Yr 3

R-Yr 3 R-Yr 3 R-Yr 3

R-Yr 3

Bite Stick Training

R-Yr 2

R-Yr 2 R-Yr 2 R-Yr 2

R-Yr 2

Animal Assessment

Investigation/Prosecution/ Statement

Taking Training

R-Yr 2

R-Yr 2 R-Yr 2 R-Yr 2

R-Yr 2

Common Risk Assess’t Framework

(CRAF)/ Domestic Violence Training /

Mandatory reporting

R-Yr 2/3 R-Yr 2/3 R-Yr 2/3 R-Yr 2/3 R-Yr 2/3

Livestock Training

R-Yr 1

Australian Institute of Animal

Management-Annual Conference

G2Z Conference

Writing-Reports/ Procedures/General

Correspondence

Bi-annual Bi-annual Bi-annual Bi-annual Bi-annual

Manual handling

R-Yr 3

R-Yr 3 R-Yr 3

R-Yr 3

Snake identification/recognition

R-Yr 3

R-Yr 3 R-Yr 3

LEGEND: X = Completed; Yr # = Year to be completed (C)/revised (R); C=Co-ordinator; R=Ranger

ACTIONS

REVIEW CYCLE

STATUS

KEY

STAKEHOLDER

SERVICE MANAGEMENT/TRAINING

Review of Animal Management staff training

requirements in line with changing operational

requirements and council’s continuous

improvement policy

Annual

Current

BCC

Review of job descriptions

Every 2 years

Current

BCC

Difficult/aggressive customers

Complaint referral/management

Ongoing

To be reviewed BCC

IT integration

To be reviewed BCC

Review of council’s Emergency Animal

Management Plan

Every 2 years

Current

BCC

After hours

Every 2 years

To be

developed

BCC

Rangers working in isolation

Every 2 years

To be

developed

BCC

Use of management aids e.g. catchpoles

Every 2 years

To be reviewed BCC

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

RESPONSIBLE PET OWNERSHIP

Lost animals

Every 2 years

Current

BCC

Animal Welfare complaints

Current

Community support e.g. domestic violence

To be prepared

Pets in the Park event

Annual

Current

BCC

Permits e.g. excess animals

Every 2 years

Current

BCC

Patrol/compliance schedules for parks/reserves

etc.

Ongoing

Current

BCC

Impounding of animals

Every 2 years

Current

BCC

Animal transport

Current

‘Dogs at large’ and issuing of warnings/

infringement notices

Every 2 years

Current

BCC

Issuing of warnings for non-compliance with Dog

Control Orders

Every 2 years

Current

BCC

OVERPOPULATION OF CATS & DOGS

Recording of animals entering pound/(LDH)

shelter from BCC area (i.e. surrendered) and

reporting against key criteria e.g. rehoming/

transfer/euthanasia

Quarterly

Current

BCC/LDH

Rescue groups – partnership protocols

Every 3 years

To be prepared BCC

REGISTRATION AND IDENTIFICATION

New registrations and registration renewals

Annual

Current

BCC

Registration



Renewal notification



Registration reminder notification



Failure to register infringements

Annual

Current

BCC

Cross-referencing of microchip databases with

registration database

Annual

Current

BCC

NUISANCE ISSUES

Complaint management/investigation -

nuisance issues

Cat trapping and management

Every 2 years

Current

BCC/LDH

Investigation of complaints relating to ‘excess

animals’

Every 2 years

Current

BCC

Barking dogs

Annual

Under review BCC

DOG ATTACKS

Investigation of dog attacks/dog

rushes/menacing dogs etc.

Annual

Current

BCC

Seizing of dogs

Every 2 years

Current

BCC/LDH

Dog attack prosecution investigation

Every 2 years

Current

BCC

Preparation of legal documentation for court

proceedings

Every 2 years

Current

BCC

DANGEROUS, MENACING AND RESTRICTED BREED

DOGS

Impounding of seized dogs

Annual

Current

BCC

Assessment of all restricted breed, menacing

and dangerous dogs and associated properties

to ensure compliance with requirements

Annual

Current

BCC

Review of registration and microchip databases

to identify unregistered ‘restricted breed’ dogs

Annual

Current

BCC

Briefing of owners of dogs declared as

‘dangerous’, ‘menacing’ and/or are a

‘restricted breed’ dog

Annual

Current

BCC

DOMESTIC ANIMAL BUSINESSES

Domestic Animal Businesses e.g. inspections,

non-compliance

Annual

Current

BCC

‘Backyard’ breeders

As required

Current

BCC

2021-2025 Domestic Animal Management Plan

3. Education and Promotional Activities

PROVISION FOR DOGS OFF-LEAD

Monitoring of high use and problematic dog off

lead areas for compliance

Annual

Current

BCC

ACTIONS

FREQUENCY

RESPONSIBLE PET OWNERSHIP

Promotional campaigns and media highlights

Ongoing

Attendance at council and community events

As opportunities arise

OVERPOPULATION OF PETS

Information in council Newsletter

Annual

Information to encourage pet owners to desex cats and dogs

Ongoing – council

website

REGISTRATION AND IDENTIFICATION

Registration information on council’s website

Ongoing

New resident Pet Ownership Pack delivered to new residents

As required

Information brochure for pet owners on rural properties distributed

Annual

NUISANCE ISSUES

Barking dogs – Information provided to relevant dog owners

Brochures – ongoing

Online - ongoing

Cat confinement - Information provided to relevant cat owners

Brochures – ongoing

Online - ongoing

Information on council’s web site on:



Desexing/benefits of desexing of pets



Managing barking dogs



Off-lead requirements

Ongoing

DOG ATTACKS

Information for pre-schools to ensure parents and children have access to dog

behaviour awareness programs and information.

Ongoing

Information on council’s website relating to safe/appropriate behaviour of

children round pets, and parental monitoring responsibilities, particularly in

relation to dogs.

Ongoing

Information provided at ‘Pets in the Park’ event

Annual

Information available at council offices and council website

Ongoing

Media releases - Information about owner responsibilities relating to the control

of dogs in public places

Annual

DANGEROUS, MENACING AND RESTRICTED BREED DOGS

Assessment of all restricted breed, menacing and dangerous dogs and

associated properties to ensure compliance with requirements

Annual

Review of registration to identify possible / suspect ‘restricted breed dogs

Annual

Consultation with owners of dogs declared as ‘dangerous’, ‘menacing’ and/or

are a ‘restricted breed’ dog

Ongoing

Information provided at council and community events annual event about:



the implications of owning a restricted breed, dangerous or menacing dog



preventative measures

As opportunities arise

Information provided on council website as to:



the appropriate housing of ‘dangerous’, ‘menacing’ and/or a ‘restricted

breed’ dog



appropriate selection of dogs for the family and community environment

Ongoing

DOMESTIC ANIMAL BUSINESSES

Provision of written material provided by state government at council offices Ongoing

Information on council’s website to support DABs comply with relevant

legislation and best practice

Ongoing